The Category 1 storm hit just east of St Marks around 1.30am ET on Friday with winds around 80 mph, according to the National Hurricane Center.
Governor Rick Scott declared a state of emergency for 51 counties as residents were braced for the dangerous storm.
Wind gusts reached 80mph (130km/h), the National Hurricane Center (NHC) said.
Two hours after making landfall, as it moved inland, Hermine was downgraded to a tropical storm, the National Weather Service said.
It passed through Florida and is now making its way through Georgia before heading for the Carolinas.
Police in Taylor County, that has a population of more than 20,000, said the storm had inflicted severe damages. City officials in the state capital Tallahassee, where people were urged to move to higher ground to avoid flash floods, said at least 70,000 homes were now without power.
South of Tallahassee, the town of Cedar Key saw a 6.6ft (two-metre) storm surge, raising high tide to almost 10ft. Images from the town posted on social media showed significant flooding.
"It
is a mess... we have high water in numerous places," Virgil Sandlin, the
police chief in Cedar Key, told the Weather Channel. "I was here in 1985
for Hurricane Elena and I don't recall anything this bad."
While Florida is prone to
storms and storm surges, it has not seen a hurricane in close to 4,000 days
The last hurricane to strike
Florida was Wilma in October 2005, which made landfall in the same year as
Katrina and caused five deaths and an estimated $23bn (£17bn) of damage
The last tropical storm to
hit Florida - what was once Hurricane Colin - was in June, and struck an area
close to Hermine
In fact, Hermine is the first
hurricane to make landfall in the US since Arthur in July This is life
threatening. We have not had a hurricane in years," Gov Scott said.
He added that 8,000 members
of the Florida National Guard were prepared to be deployed in the wake of the
storm.
Mr Scott ordered evacuations
in five counties in Florida's north-west and called for voluntary evacuations
in three other coastal counties.2014 - no hurricanes touched down in 2010, 2013
or 201
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